If improperly installed, aluminum wiring can raise the risk of a house fires! From 1960’s up to the mid 1970’s aluminum wiring was sometimes used for branch circuit wiring instead of copper wiring.  During this time period copper prices were very high and aluminum wiring became a cost effect alternative to copper wiring.  Was aluminum wiring found to be as good as copper wiring?  Not even close!  Aluminum wiring quickly became a fire risk if not installed properly.  At the time aluminum wiring methods were exactly the same for copper.  Over time it was found that improper installation methods and electrical devices not designed to accept aluminum conductors could lead to fires.

If was quickly found out that aluminum wiring could cause flickering lights, hot electrical connections and even burned or melted insulation on the wiring.  There was a severe problem with overheating which can lead to fires.

1.  A Softer Metal.  Aluminum is a much softer metal when compared to copper.  During the stripping process from aluminum it can be easy to nick.  These nicks can cause hot spots in the conductor causing overheating and the potential risk of fire.  Electricians had to develop different methods of stripping the insulation off of the aluminum wiring to avoid damaging the conductor.

2.  Aluminum Expands.  When an appliance demands electricity on the circuit the conductor heats up.  While this process takes place with copper conductors too aluminum expands at a much greater rate than copper.  This expansion and contraction of the aluminum wiring  caused the the conductor to creep out from under the terminal screws on breakers and electrical devices such as plugs and switches.  This creeping of the wiring resulted in a loose connection which lead to sparking and potential fire.

3.  Corrosion or Rust.   When steel rust it becomes red, on copper rust is green, and on aluminum it is white.  When copper wiring rust it’s not as big as problem when compared to aluminum, copper rust is actually electrically conductive.  This rust on copper still allows the electricity to flow and doesn’t create as much resistance of the electricity or simplify put it doesn’t interfere as much.  However, when aluminum rust it forms a white oxide which is not a good conductor of electricity.  This creates resistance or reduces the flow of electricity.  This resistance interferes with he flow of electricity, and can cause overheating leading to fires.

There are several options for you if you have aluminum wiring in your home.  We can evaluate your homes wiring and come up with several effective methods and affordable price ranges.  It’s important to have your homes wiring thoroughly evaluated so you can know the truth about its condition so you can make the proper decision.

Solution 1.  Rewire the entire house with copper wiring.  This would be the safest long term solution for aluminum wiring.  This method would require reduced maintenance and reduced inspections needed when compared to aluminum wiring.  Rewiring the home is the safest long term solution to aluminum wiring when compared to other methods.  This solution can be expensive when compared to other solutions.  However, we have a variety of financing options and payment plans available for almost every budget.

Solution 2.  Check all connections in home and repair as needed.  Then re device the entire home with aluminum rated devices.  This short this method entails replacing all the homes plugs and switches with ones that are designed to accept aluminum conductors.  It’s important to note aluminum rated devices can be hard to find at the big box stores.  When these devices were first introduced they simply had a larger screw or terminal for the aluminum conductor to fit under.  Unfortunately, these CU/AL devices failed to work good enough and was not an effective solution.  New devices CO/ALR are created out of a similar metal which shares a similar expansion and contraction rate as aluminum which reduces the creeping of the conductor.

Solution 3.  Pigtailing.  Pigtailing simply means taking the aluminum wire connections that go to the device and splice on or pigtail on a copper conductor to go to the device such as a plug or a switch.  It is important to note that it does take a specially designed wire nut or twist-on wire connectors to to perform this method.  While this method is the cheapest it is important to make sure that routine safety checks and inspections are performed on your homes wiring to reduce the chances of future problems.

Even with all the disadvantages, aluminum wiring still has its advantages under certain applications.  It’s important to note even with these advantages you should not use aluminum wiring in your home for standard 15 or 20 amp branch circuits.

1.  It’s Light Weight.  Aluminum is lightweight in nature.  Being lightweight is an advantage when conductors are used over long distances.  This lightweight property is most beneficial for aerial applications were the aluminum wiring is suspended between poles.  This wiring method is most commonly seen in utility company applications and telecommunication lines.  Being light weight also makes the aluminum wiring easier for the installer to work with.  This makes the cable less physically demanding to install.

2.  Aluminum Wiring is Cheaper.  Aluminum wiring can be half the cost of copper wiring.  When a large amount of wiring is needed saving half the cost can be a huge benefit over copper wiring.  This method is mainly seen in feeder circuit applications in commercial buildings as well as sub panels and 220 circuits in residential applications.  It’s important to note this practice of using aluminum wiring for sub panels, services, and 220 circuits in residential applications has been deemed acceptable when properly installed and connected.

When winter temperatures dip below freezing, families across the country fire up their furnaces, boilers, space heaters, woodstoves and other heating devices to beat the cold and keep their homes warm and snug. Unfortunately, the very appliances that ward off the winter chill can put you in danger of a house fire. January is the leading month for residential home fires, accounting for 21 percent of the total, according to the U.S. Fire Administration, and home heating is the second leading cause of all fires, after cooking.

Don't let your home become a statistic. Take these steps to reduce your risk of a house fire:

Clean your chimney: Creosote can build up from normal fireplace usage and clog the chimney from below; the chimney can also be clogged from above if debris falls in or if the chimney itself starts to deteriorate. Either way, it's a danger. Make sure your chimney is cleaned each year before using it.

Get your HVAC equipment serviced: You should have a technician pay a visit once a year to make sure your furnace and other equipment is in good working order. Your service professional can perform routine maintenance, repair any issues and instruct you on how to maintain your unit. Some maintenance, like replacing air filters monthly, you can do yourself in compliance with manufacturer instructions.

Careful with that space heater: Space heaters can be a convenient way to heat a small area, but they come with several caveats. Be very wary of liquid-fueled heaters -- older models shouldn't be used indoors at all, although newer models can be safe as long as you diligently follow all instructions regarding fueling and operation. Even electric heaters can cause problems, because they draw a lot of power which can overload the circuits in older homes. If you decide to use a space heater, make sure it is in no danger of tipping over, and never leave it running unattended. Space heaters account for one third of all heating fires, according to the National Fire Protection Association, so be careful.

Keep combustible material away from heat sources:  Leave a few feet of clearance between your stove, space heaters, vents, radiators and other heat sources combustibles like furniture, carpet or curtains.

Don't thaw pipes with a blowtorch: Frozen pipes are a serious problem, and thawing the ice is critical to avoiding a burst pipe and the expensive damage that can accompany it. You have a number of good options to heat the problem area -- a hair dryer, heat lamp, space heater, hot towel or specialized heat tape will do the trick. Avoid open flames, which create a fire hazard.

Test your smoke detectors: It just takes only a moment to ensure your smoke detectors work. If you do have a fire, they could save your life.

Mister Sparky electricians are always here to help. Call local Mister Sparky to have one of our professionals check to see you have an ample number of smoke detectors for the size of your home and ensure they are installed properly and in the correct location.